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Optical Coherence Computed Tomography
Li, Li ; Wang, Lihong
T-008832

— Optical coherence tomography (OCT) utilizes optical light to obtain an image of opaque or translucent objects, ie tissue. Because scattered light contributes to the bluring found in other optical imaging techniques, OCT filters out all the scattered light. An image is formed using only the back refl…

Modulation of the DLK/JNK Pathway as a Method for Inhibiting Axonal Degeneration
Miller, Bradley ; Press, Craig ; Milbrandt, Jeffrey ; DiAntonio, Aaron
T-008422

— Background: Axonal degeneration is a feature commonly associated with many neuropathological conditions including response to injury, exposure to neurotoxins, hereditary neuropathies, glaucoma, and neurodegenerative diseases. The degenerative process is active when neuronal insults trigger a self-de…

Natriuretic Peptide-Mediated Imaging and/or Treatment of Atherosclerotic Plaque
Welch, Michael ; Rossin, Raffaella ; Woodard, Pamela
T-007679

— Background Atherosclerosis is a disease process in which lipid deposition causes the formation of plaques that lead to thickening of the artery walls. The cause of a majority of fatal acute myocardial infarction and sudden coronary death is due to the rupture of soft or unstable plaques; however, t…

Pro-drug Nanoparticle Technology (Used to be: Rational Design and Synthesis of Photo chemically stable Fumagillin Conjugates)
Wickline, Samuel ; Pan, Dipanjan ; Lanza, Gregory
T-007663

— Background: Targeted nanoparticles have been shown to have high potential in the detection and characterization of various pathologies based on unique profiles of cell surface markers, as well as the delivery of therapeutic compounds. Liposomes, micelles, emulsions and other lipid-based particles ha…

Dual Light-Emitting Systems and Biological Applications Thereof
Zhang, Zongren ; Berezin, Mikhail ; Achilefu, Samuel
T-007596

— Background: Near Infrared (NIR) fluorescence can be highly useful in biological systems as it is highly sensitive and allows for detection and imaging of physiological and molecular processes in cells and living organisms. However, radiometric imaging is difficult in the NIR region of the light spec…

Development of Colloidal Iron Oxide Contrast Agent for MRI and MPI
Senpan, Angana ; Wickline, Samuel ; Lanza, Gregory ; Pan, Dipanjan
T-007545

— Background: Biodegradable magnetic carriers have been increasingly utilized in biomedical and clinical research, but the larger size of ferromagnetic agents previously used leads to long circulation times and restriction to the vasculature, making these particles ideally suited for detection of spa…

Intraocular Artificial Lenses
Ravi, V. Nathan
T-006771

— The present hydrogel technology can be used as a lens replacement material for the permanent treatment of cataracts and presbyopia as well as a vitreous substitute. This co-polymeric hydrogel system can be reversibly converted between a hydrogel in the oxidized state and a solution in the reduced st…

Treatment for Centrally Mediated Itching
Sun, Yan Gang ; Chen, Zhou-Feng
T-006757

— Background: Severe itch (or pruritus) is associated with multiple diseases such as liver disease, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, psoriasis, and common eczema and is also a side effect of many treatments including analgesics (like morphine) and renal dialysis. Chronic pruritus is a top reason for derm…

Enantiomeric16-ketosteroids and Related Tetracyclic & Tricyclic Analogues with Neuronal Actions
Covey, Douglas
T-011272

— Neurosteroids are of great interest because of their ability to alter brain function. Compounds of the type disclosed here have potential to be new drugs useful for causing anesthesia and treating depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, seizures.

Dementia Screening test: the AD8
Roe, Catherine ; Galvin, James ; Morris, John
T-007516

— The AD8 is an 8 question interview tool which distinguishes individuals with very mild dementia from those without dementia, regardless of etiology. The AD8 is based on intraindividual decline and has been demonstrated to be a valid and reliable screening tool for dementia.

Manipulating Tricellular Junction Permeability in Blood Brain Barrier to Treat Brain Tumors
Gong, Yong-feng ; Hou, Jianghui
T-017092

— Background: Brain tumors are the most lethal disease known to mankind with approximately 170,000 annual diagnoses and 13,000 deaths attributed to brain cancer. Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive, has a median survival of approximately 18 months. Chemotherapeutic agents have been approved b…

Control of Dietary and Microbial Exposure in Early Life as a Novel Approach to Target Allergy Development in Infants
McDonald, Keely ; Knoop, Kathryn ; Newberry, Rodney
T-016480

— Background: The frequency of allergic disorders has been rapidly increasing in children in Western societies. Previous studies have shown reduced allergic outcomes in at-risk children upon breast feeding with complementary introduction of food allergens combined with limited oral antibiotic exposure…

System and Method for Multi-modality Quantification of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer ’s Disease
Wang, Qing ; Benzinger, Tammie ; Wang, Yong
T-016125

— Background: One in three seniors will die of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or other neurodegenerative diseases. As the prevalence of AD increases rapidly, there is a strong need for early diagnoses and the ability to evaluate efficacy of drug treatments. Typically, a combination of neurological tes…

Nano-CaCO3
Som, Avik ; Raliya, Ramesh ; Biswas, Pratim ; Achilefu, Samuel
T-015910

— Background: Physiological pH changes consistently affect millions of people worldwide. A slight variation in physiological pH exposes the body to various health risks, ranging from common heartburn to the formation of malignant tumors. Conventional methods for buffering pH are accomplished through a…

Obligate Heterotetrameric Pairs of Cre Recombinase Mutants for Efficient Recombination at Asymmetric Sites
Qi, Zongtai ; Zhang, Chi ; Mitra, Robi ; Myers, Connie ; Corbo, Joseph ; Havranek, James
T-015523

— Background: The function of enzymes involved in homologous recombination can be exploited in the field of genetic engineering in order to generate mutations of interest. However, this machinery is not functionally efficient in post mitotic or terminally differentiated cells. Viral gene therapy techn…

Neurofibromin/dopamine signaling as a biomarker for cognitive and behavioral problems in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)
Anastasaki, Corina ; Gutmann, David
T-015422

— Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common neurological condition affecting roughly 1 in every 2,500 individuals. NF1 is associated with a host of clinical presentations, including malignant tumors and cognitive defects ranging from attention deficits, mental retardation, and autism. The…

New Method to Produce a DNA Mutation Library
Dobbs, Matthew ; Gurnett, Christina ; Alvarado, David ; Haller, Gabriel
T-015343

— Background: A DNA point mutation is a single nucleotide base substitution, insertion, or deletion in a gene sequence. Point mutations are responsible for several diseases including cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell disease, polycystic kidney disease, microcephaly, and Crohn’s disease. The study on …

Combination Artemisinin and Chemiluminescent Photodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Malaria and Cancer
Sigala, Paul ; Goldberg, Daniel
T-015173

— Background: Malaria, mainly caused by Plasmodium falciparum, results in over 200 million clinical cases a year and approximately 430,000 deaths a year. Tropical and sub-tropical countries have a high incidence of malaria cases because Anopheles mosquitoes thrive in warm temperatures and are able to …

Compressed-sensing Ultrafast Photography (CUP)
Liang, Jinyang ; Gao, Liang ; Wang, Lihong
T-014733

— Compressed-sensing ultrafast photography (CUP) is an ultrafast imaging technique that can capture non-repetitive, time-evolving events at up to 100 billion frames per second. Compared to existing ultrafast imaging methods, CUP has a prominent advantage in measuring an x, y, t (x, y, spatial coordina…

SPECT imaging nanoprobe for the detection of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity
Black, Kvar ; Achilefu, Samuel
T-014635

— This invention is the formulation of a SPECT nanoparticle probe for the detection of MMP activity. The surface of a 10 nm-sized gold nanoparticle is functionalized through a thiol anchor with a peptide that is cleaved in the presence of MMP9. The surface is also functionalized with methoxy polyethyl…